CUDA 配置环境（三）：nvcc fatal : Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using 已解决

解决在QT中编写CUDA程序出现nvcc fatal : Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using的问题
问题详情
　　在QT编写CUDA代码，在已经配好.pro文件中的代码，并且CUDA安装没有问题，还可以在VS2017中正常运行CUDA程序时，一开始debug的时候我遇到了以下问题： Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using，

nvcc fatal : Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using 'C:/Program Files (x86) /Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/HostX64/x64/../../../../../../../VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvars64.bat'

我在网上找了好久的解决办法，国外的社区还有国内的社区，都没有详细可靠的解决方案，总结下来他们的方法大致包括检查系统的环境变量，CUDA的路径不能有空格，nvcc的输入太长等，但这些都不能解决这个问题。

这确实花费了我很长的时间还有精力，因此我发布出我的解决方案，后面也有详细的解决过程，希望我的分享可以帮助到你。

解决方案

下面我会给出解决方案，想直接解决问题的看完这一部分就行了，想了解我解决问题的过程的可以看第三部分。

下面是解决方案：找到报错中的文件路径，可以参考我的路径：

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Auxiliary\Build

找到相应的文件，用记事本打开vcvarsall.bat，复制其中的代码到vcvars64.bat，最终vcvars64.bat中的内容为：

1 @if not "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "3" echo off 2 3 @REM 4 :parse_args 5 set __VCVARSALL_STORE= 6 set __VCVARSALL_WINSDK= 7 set __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR= 8 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH= 9 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH= 10 set __VCVARSALL_VER= 11 12 @REM Parse cmand line arguments. This implementation does not care about 13 @REM argument order. 14 15 if "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "1" ( 16 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] init with arguments '%*' 17 ) 18 19 set __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR=0 20 set "__VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST=%*" 21 call :parse_loop 22 set __VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST= 23 24 if "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "1" ( 25 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] Cmand line parse cpleted with values: 26 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH='%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%' 27 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH='%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%' 28 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_WINSDK='%__VCVARSALL_WINSDK%' 29 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_STORE='%__VCVARSALL_STORE%' 30 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_HELP='%__VCVARSALL_HELP%' 31 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR='%__VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR%' 32 ) 33 34 if "%__VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV%" NEQ "" goto :call_vsdevcmd 35 if "%__VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR%" NEQ "0" goto :usage_error 36 if "%__VCVARSALL_HELP%" NEQ "" goto :usage 37 38 @REM 39 :check_platform 40 @REM This script is installed to ...\VC\Auxiliary\Build. 41 @REM vsdevcmd is installed to ...\Cmon7\Tools. 42 if not exist "%~dp0..\..\..\Cmon7\Tools\vsdevcmd.bat" goto missing 43 44 @REM Assemble the arguments to pass to vsdevcmd.bat 45 if "%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%" == "" goto :usage_error 46 if "%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%" == "" goto :usage_error 47 48 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=arch=%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH% host_arch=%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%" 49 if "%__VCVARSALL_WINSDK%" NEQ "" ( 50 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% winsdk=%__VCVARSALL_WINSDK%" 51 ) 52 if "%__VCVARSALL_STORE%" NEQ "" ( 53 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% app_platform=UWP" 54 ) 55 if "%__VCVARSALL_VER%" NEQ "" ( 56 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% vcvars_ver=%__VCVARSALL_VER%" 57 ) 58 if "%__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE%" NEQ "" ( 59 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% vcvars_spectre_libs=%__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE%" 60 ) 61 62 goto :call_vsdevcmd 64 @REM 65 @REM Call vsdevcmd.bat to setup the cmand prpt environment 66 67 :call_vsdevcmd 68 69 @REM This temporary environment variable is used to control setting of VC++ 70 @REM cmand prptspecific environment variables that should not be set 71 @REM by the VS Developer Cmand prpt (specifically vsdevcmd\ext\vcvars.bat). 72 @REM The known case this effects is the Platform environment variable, which 73 @REM will override platform target for .NET builds. 74 set VSCMD_VCVARSALL_INIT=1 75 76 @REM Special handling for the /clean_env argument 77 if "%__VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV%" NEQ "" ( 78 call "%~dp0..\..\..\Cmon7\Tools\vsdevcmd.bat" /clean_env 79 goto :end 80 ) 81 82 call "%~dp0..\..\..\Cmon7\Tools\vsdevcmd.bat" %__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% 83 84 if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" ( 85 @REM Print the target cmand prpt architecture... 86 if "%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%" NEQ "%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%" ( 87 echo [%~nx0] Environment initialized for: '%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%_%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%' 88 ) else ( 89 echo [%~nx0] Environment initialized for: '%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%' 90 ) 91 ) 92 goto :end 93 94 :parse_loop 95 for /F "tokens=1,* delims= " %%a in ("%__VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST%") do ( 96 if "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "2" ( 97 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] inner argument 98 ) 99 call :parse_argument %%a 100 set "__VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST=%%b" 101 goto :parse_loop 102 ) 103 104 exit /B 0 105 106 :parse_argument 107 108 @REM called by :parse_loop and expects the arguments to either be: 109 @REM 1. a single argument in %1 110 @REM 2. an argument pair fr the cmand line specified as '%1=%2' 111 112 set __local_ARG_FOUND= 113 @REM Architecture 114 if /I "%1"=="x86" ( 115 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x86 116 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86 117 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 118 ) 119 if /I "%1"=="x86_amd64" ( 120 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64 121 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86 122 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 123 ) 124 if /I "%1"=="x86_x64" ( 125 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64 126 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86 127 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 128 ) 129 if /I "%1"=="x86_arm" ( 130 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm 131 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86 132 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 133 ) 134 if /I "%1"=="x86_arm64" ( 135 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm64 136 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86 137 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 138 ) 139 if /I "%1"=="amd64" ( 140 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64 141 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 142 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 143 ) 144 if /I "%1"=="x64" ( 145 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64 146 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 147 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 148 ) 149 if /I "%1"=="amd64_x86" ( 150 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x86 151 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 152 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 153 ) 154 if /I "%1"=="x64_x86" ( 155 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x86 156 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 157 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 158 ) 159 if /I "%1"=="amd64_arm" ( 160 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm 161 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 162 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 1 ) 164 if /I "%1"=="x64_arm" ( 165 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm 166 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 167 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 168 ) 169 if /I "%1"=="amd64_arm64" ( 170 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm64 171 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 172 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 173 ) 174 if /I "%1"=="x64_arm64" ( 175 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm64 176 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64 177 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 178 ) 179 if /I "%1"=="vcvars_ver" ( 180 set "__VCVARSALL_VER=%2" 181 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 182 ) 183 if /I "%1"=="/vcvars_ver" ( 184 set "__VCVARSALL_VER=%2" 185 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 186 ) 187 if /I "%1"=="vcvars_ver" ( 188 set "__vcvarsall_ver=%2" 189 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 190 ) 191 if /I "%1"=="vcvars_spectre_libs" ( 192 set "__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE=%2" 193 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 194 ) 195 if /I "%1"=="/vcvars_spectre_libs" ( 196 set "__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE=%2" 197 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 198 ) 199 if /I "%1"=="vcvars_spectre_libs" ( 200 set "__vcvarsall_SPECTRE=%2" 201 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 202 ) 203 if /I "%1"=="help" ( 204 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1 205 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 206 ) 207 if /I "%1"=="/help" ( 208 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1 209 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 210 ) 211 if /I "%1"=="help" ( 212 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1 213 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 214 ) 215 if /I "%1"=="/?" ( 216 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1 217 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 218 ) 219 if /I "%1"=="?" ( 220 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1 221 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 222 ) 223 224 @REM /clean_env 225 @REM Mostly used for internal testing to restore the state of 226 @REM the cmand line environment to its state prior to vcvarsall.bat 227 @REM being executed. 228 if /I "%1"=="/clean_env" ( 229 set __VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV=/clean_env 230 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 231 ) 232 if /I "%1"=="clean_env" ( 233 set __VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV=/clean_env 234 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 235 ) 236 237 @REM Windows SDK Version 238 if /I "%1"=="8.1" ( 239 set "__VCVARSALL_WINSDK=8.1" 240 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 241 ) 242 243 set __temp1=%1 244 if /I "%__temp1:~0,3%"=="10." ( 245 set "__VCVARSALL_WINSDK=%1" 246 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 247 ) 248 set __temp1= 249 250 @REM Store/UWP 251 if /I "%1"=="store" ( 252 set "__VCVARSALL_STORE=app_platform=UWP" 253 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 254 ) 255 if /I "%1"=="uwp" ( 256 set "__VCVARSALL_STORE=app_platform=UWP" 257 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1 258 ) 259 260 if "%__local_ARG_FOUND%" NEQ "1" ( 261 set /A __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR=__VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR+1 262 if "%2"=="" ( 2 @echo [ERROR:%~nx0] Invalid argument found : %1 264 ) else ( 265 @echo [ERROR:%~nx0] Invalid argument found : %1=%2 266 ) 267 ) 268 set __local_ARG_FOUND= 269 exit /B 0 270 271 :usage_error 272 echo [ERROR:%~nx0] Error in script usage. The correct usage is: 273 goto :usage 274 275 :usage 276 echo Syntax: 277 echo %~nx0 [arch] [platform_type] [winsdk_version] [vcvars_ver=vc_version] [vcvars_spectre_libs=spectre_mode] 278 echo where : 279 echo [arch]: x86 ^| amd64 ^| x86_amd64 ^| x86_arm ^| x86_arm64 ^| amd64_x86 ^| amd64_arm ^| amd64_arm64 280 echo [platform_type]: ^| store ^| uwp 281 echo [winsdk_version] : full Windows 10 SDK number (e.g. 10.0.10240.0) or "8.1" to use the Windows 8.1 SDK. 282 echo [vc_version] : for default VS 2017 VC++ cpiler toolset ^| 283 echo "14.0" for VC++ 2015 Cpiler Toolset ^| 284 echo "14.1x" for the latest 14.1x.yyyyy toolset installed (e.g. "14.11") ^| 285 echo "14.1x.yyyyy" for a specific full version number (e.g. 14.11.25503) 286 echo [spectre_mode] : for default VS 2017 libraries without spectre mitigations ^| 287 echo "spectre" for VS 2017 libraries with spectre mitigations 288 echo: 289 echo The store parameter sets environment variables to support Universal Windows Platform application 290 echo development and is an alias for 'uwp'. 291 echo: 292 echo For example: 293 echo %~nx0 x86_amd64 294 echo %~nx0 x86_amd64 10.0.10240.0 295 echo %~nx0 x86_arm uwp 10.0.10240.0 296 echo %~nx0 x86_arm onecore 10.0.10240.0 vcvars_ver=14.0 297 echo %~nx0 x64 8.1 298 echo %~nx0 x64 store 8.1 299 echo: 300 echo Please make sure either Visual Studio or C++ Build SKU is installed. 301 goto :end 302 303 :missing 304 echo The specified configuration type is missing. The tools for the 305 echo configuration might not be installed. 306 goto :end 307 308 :end 309 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH= 310 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH= 311 set __VCVARSALL_STORE= 312 set __VCVARSALL_WINSDK= 313 set __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR= 314 set __VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV= 315 set VSCMD_VCVARSALL_INIT= 316 set __VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS= 317 set __VCVARSALL_HELP= 318 set __VCVARSALL_VER= 319 set __VCVARSALL_SPECTRE=

这样问题就解决了，可以顺利Debug

解决过程

（1）在一开始debug的时候我遇到了以下问题：Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using

nvcc fatal : Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using 'C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/HostX64/x64/../../../../../../../VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvars64.bat'

我在网上找了好久的解决办法，国外的社区还有国内的社区，都没有详细可靠的解决方案，总结下来大致的方法包括检查系统的环境变量，CUDA的路径不能有空格，nvcc的输入太长等，但这些都不能解决这个问题。

（2）在尝试了很长时间之后，我还是决定根据报错信息入手，我找到了出现问题的vcvars64.bat这个文件，默认路径在：
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Auxiliary\Build
并用记事本打开，其中的内容如下，只有这一行：

@call "%~dp0vcvarsall.bat" x64 %*

（3）之后我在QT的工具>选项>Kits>编译器，发现QT中的编译器使用都是与上述vcvars64.bat同一路径下的vcvarsall.bat文件。

（4）因此我首先想要改变我的.pro文件调用vcvars文件的代码，有关的代码如下：

SYSTEM_TYPE = 64

改变等号右边的值，可以改变调试时使用的vavars文件的后缀，但是他只能接收数字输入，所以也无法使其调用vcvarsall.bat，因此只能另辟蹊径，考虑将vcvarsall.bat的内容复制到vcvars64.bat，达到调用vcvarsall.bat的效果。

（5）最终解决方案，用记事本打开vcvarsall.bat，复制其中的代码到vcvars64.bat

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